
Uterine cervix is ther lowest region of the uterus. It attaches the uterus to the vagina and provides a passage between the vaginal cavity and the uterine cavity. The cervix is about 4 centimetres (1.6 inches) long, and extends about 2 centimetres into the upper vaginal cavity.
In Stage IA, the cancer is diagnosed only by viewing cervical cells under a microscope. No lymph nodes are involved at this stage. In Stage IB, the doctor can see the lesion, and the cancer is found only in the cervix. In later stages, it spreads beyond the original site.

HPV virus is the most common cause of cervical cancer. The graphic shows life cycle of HPV in the human epithelium. Human papillomavirus infection which causes warts and cervical cancer (carcinoma of Cervix or malignant neoplasm) arises from the HPV infected epithelial cells.

Anatomically, female's internal reproductive organs are the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, cervix, and ovary. The main external structures of the female reproductive system include labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, Bartholin's glands. Cervical cancer is the cancer of cervix.

In the beginning, the cancer is diagnosed only by viewing cervical cells under a microscope. Lymph nodes are not involved at this stage. In Stage IB, the doctor can see the cancerous cells, but the cancer is found only in the cervix. In later stages, it spreads beyond the original site.