• Cancers
    • Colorectal Cancer
    • Lymphoma
    • Penile Cancer
    • Uterine Cancer
    • Breast Cancer
    • Stomach Cancer
    • Bone Cancer
    • Cervical Cancer
    • Brain Cancer
    • Leukemia (Blood Cells Cancer)
    • Endometrial Cancer
    • Neuroblastoma
    • Kidney Cancer
  • Brain
    • Stroke
    • Dyslexia
    • Down Syndrome
    • Cerebral Palsy
    • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
    • Alcoholism
    • Autism
    • Multiple Sclerosis
    • Epilepsy
    • Schizophrenia
    • Insomnia
    • Alzheimer’s Disease
    • Parkinson’s Disease
    • Migraine
    • Phobia
  • Heart
    • Hypertension
    • Endocarditis
    • Coronary Heart Disease
    • Myocardial Infarction
    • Arrhythmia
    • Angina
    • Enlarged heart
    • Pericarditis
    • Venous Thromboembolism (VTE)
    • Peripheral Arterial Disease
    • Ventricular Septal Defect
    • Hypotension
  • Urinary Health
    • Chronic Kidney Disease
    • Diabetic Nephropathy
    • Urinary Tract Infection
    • Prostatitis
    • Urinary Incontinence
    • Enlarged Prostate
    • Blood in Urine
    • Kidney Stones
    • Erectile Dysfunction
    • Cystitis
  • Eye
    • Myopia
    • Glaucoma
    • Dry Eyes
    • Conjunctivitis
    • Cataracts
    • Color Blindness
    • Macular Degeneration
    • Diabetic Retinopathy
    • Retinal Detachment
    • Keratoconus
  • Skin
    • Shingles
    • Rosacea
    • Eczema
    • Vitiligo
    • Psoriasis
    • Scabies
    • Acne
    • Dandruff
  • Women Health
    • Uterine Fibroids
    • Pregnancy
    • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
    • Vaginitis
    • Endometriosis
    • Preeclampsia
    • Menstruation
    • Ovarian Cyst
    • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
  • Digestive Health
    • Celiac Disease
    • Hemorrhoids
    • Achalasia
    • Diarrhea
    • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
    • Diverticulitis
    • Liver Cirrhosis
    • Irritable Bowel Syndrome
    • Constipation
    • Appendicitis
    • Ulcerative Colitis
    • Gallstones
    • Crohn’s Disease
  • Bone Health
    • Osteoarthritis
    • Osteoporosis
    • Cyst
    • Osteomyelitis
    • Sciatica
    • Fibromyalgia
    • Calcium Deficiency
    • Gout
    • Rickets in Children
    • Spinal Stenosis
  • Dental
    • Periodontal Disease
    • Dental Caries
    • Bad Breath
    • Sensitive Teeth
    • Dry Mouth
    • Supernumerary Teeth
    • Bruxism
    • Tooth Loss
    • Impacted Tooth
  • More
    • Hyperthyroidism
    • Rhinitis
    • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
    • Thalassemia
    • Hepatitis
    • Sinusitis
    • Acromegaly
    • Health and Wellness
    • Achondroplasia
    • Diabetes Mellitus
    • Asthma
    • Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19)
    • Sleep Apnea
    • Tuberculosis

Write For Us

What's Hot

How Big Are Kidney Stones?

February 3, 2021
Dyslexia

What Do Words Look Like to a Dyslexic Person?

February 3, 2021
Gallstones without a gallbladder image

Can you Get Gallstones without a Gallbladder?

July 12, 2022
Facebook Twitter YouTube
DiseaseFix – World's Largest Disease Information Center
  • Write For Us
Facebook Twitter YouTube
  • Cancers
    • Colorectal Cancer
    • Lymphoma
    • Penile Cancer
    • Uterine Cancer
    • Breast Cancer
    • Stomach Cancer
    • Bone Cancer
    • Cervical Cancer
    • Brain Cancer
    • Leukemia (Blood Cells Cancer)
    • Endometrial Cancer
    • Neuroblastoma
    • Kidney Cancer
  • Brain
    • Stroke
    • Dyslexia
    • Down Syndrome
    • Cerebral Palsy
    • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
    • Alcoholism
    • Autism
    • Multiple Sclerosis
    • Epilepsy
    • Schizophrenia
    • Insomnia
    • Alzheimer’s Disease
    • Parkinson’s Disease
    • Migraine
    • Phobia
  • Heart
    • Hypertension
    • Endocarditis
    • Coronary Heart Disease
    • Myocardial Infarction
    • Arrhythmia
    • Angina
    • Enlarged heart
    • Pericarditis
    • Venous Thromboembolism (VTE)
    • Peripheral Arterial Disease
    • Ventricular Septal Defect
    • Hypotension
  • Urinary Health
    • Chronic Kidney Disease
    • Diabetic Nephropathy
    • Urinary Tract Infection
    • Prostatitis
    • Urinary Incontinence
    • Enlarged Prostate
    • Blood in Urine
    • Kidney Stones
    • Erectile Dysfunction
    • Cystitis
  • Eye
    • Myopia
    • Glaucoma
    • Dry Eyes
    • Conjunctivitis
    • Cataracts
    • Color Blindness
    • Macular Degeneration
    • Diabetic Retinopathy
    • Retinal Detachment
    • Keratoconus
  • Skin
    • Shingles
    • Rosacea
    • Eczema
    • Vitiligo
    • Psoriasis
    • Scabies
    • Acne
    • Dandruff
  • Women Health
    • Uterine Fibroids
    • Pregnancy
    • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
    • Vaginitis
    • Endometriosis
    • Preeclampsia
    • Menstruation
    • Ovarian Cyst
    • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
  • Digestive Health
    • Celiac Disease
    • Hemorrhoids
    • Achalasia
    • Diarrhea
    • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
    • Diverticulitis
    • Liver Cirrhosis
    • Irritable Bowel Syndrome
    • Constipation
    • Appendicitis
    • Ulcerative Colitis
    • Gallstones
    • Crohn’s Disease
  • Bone Health
    • Osteoarthritis
    • Osteoporosis
    • Cyst
    • Osteomyelitis
    • Sciatica
    • Fibromyalgia
    • Calcium Deficiency
    • Gout
    • Rickets in Children
    • Spinal Stenosis
  • Dental
    • Periodontal Disease
    • Dental Caries
    • Bad Breath
    • Sensitive Teeth
    • Dry Mouth
    • Supernumerary Teeth
    • Bruxism
    • Tooth Loss
    • Impacted Tooth
  • More
    • Hyperthyroidism
    • Rhinitis
    • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
    • Thalassemia
    • Hepatitis
    • Sinusitis
    • Acromegaly
    • Health and Wellness
    • Achondroplasia
    • Diabetes Mellitus
    • Asthma
    • Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19)
    • Sleep Apnea
    • Tuberculosis
DiseaseFix – World's Largest Disease Information Center
Home » Cancers » Neuroblastoma » Stage 4 (High Risk) Neuroblastoma

Stage 4 (High Risk) Neuroblastoma

Saima Andrabi, MS, Clinical BiochemistryBy Saima Andrabi, MS, Clinical BiochemistryUpdated:February 5, 20204 Mins Read
Facebook Twitter Pinterest LinkedIn Tumblr Email
Stage 4 (High Risk) Neuroblastoma
Share
Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Pinterest Email
Contents Hide
1 What Is High-Risk Neuroblastoma or Stage 4 Neuroblastoma?
2 Investigational Therapies for High-Risk Neuroblastoma
3 Stage 4 or Special Neuroblastoma
4 Survival Rate and Life Expectancy in Stage 4 (Metastasis)

Neuroblastoma is a solid tumor or cancer that occurs in the developing cells of the sympathetic nervous system. The cells responsible for neuroblastoma formation are called neuroblasts. The majority of neuroblastomas (almost 65%) originate in the adrenal glands which are located on top of the kidneys. Neuroblastoma is the most common malignant neoplasm that mostly occurs in neonates.

What Is High-Risk Neuroblastoma or Stage 4 Neuroblastoma?

Stage 4 neuroblastoma is a high-risk neuroblastoma. At this stage, cancer has spread to remote sites of the body like distant lymph nodes, bone, liver, skin, bone marrow, and other organs.

Neuroblastoma tumors are highly variable in their clinical behavior. Some are easily treated while the others are very aggressive. High-risk neuroblastoma treatment is very difficult for low and intermediate-risk tumors. High-risk neuroblastoma category includes all patients with stage 4 disease diagnosed after one year of age. It is therefore called stage 4 or high-risk neuroblastoma.

Some patients with multiple copies of MYCN oncogenes are also included in the high-risk neuroblastoma category even if their tumor has not metastasized to distant parts. The probability of cure can be increased in highly aggressive stage 4 high-risk neuroblastoma with the help of intensive therapy.

Investigational Therapies for High-Risk Neuroblastoma

Following therapies are currently used in clinical trials for high-risk neuroblastoma:

Induction Chemotherapy

This type of chemotherapy doesn’t require marrow or PBSC support. Drugs used in this therapy include cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, etoposide, ifosfamide, cisplatin, carboplatin, vincristine, and topotecan.

More: Congenital Neuroblastoma in Children

Local Radiation

Local radiation can be given to a localized area including the tumor.

Surgery

Surgical procedures involve partial total removal of the tumor.

Retinoid Therapy

Retinoid therapy can be given to high-risk neuroblastoma cells for inhibiting their growth. For example, Accutane (13- cis-retinoic acid) is a retinoid that restricts the growth and differentiation of neuroblastoma cells and prevents them from converting into more normal-appearing cells. Similarly, there is another retinoid called fenretinide which can kill neuroblastoma cells.

Check out our other Trusted Resources on Neuroblastoma

Antibody Therapy

Antibody therapy is given so that they can kill tumor cells by sticking to tumor cells along with cytokines which ultimately release white blood cells. These white blood cells get attached to the tumor cells via an antibody and then destroy the tumor cells. For example, ch14.18 antibody, 3F8 antibody etc.

MIBG (meta-iodobenzylguanidine) Therapy

MIBG is a radioactive substance that gathers in neuroblastoma tumors. The concentration of the MIBG at the tumor results from the tumor pulling in the MIBG, concentrating the radiation into the tumor. This provides very high doses of radiation to the tumor cells.

Vaccine Therapy

Vaccine therapy is used for injecting some substances in the body that will evoke the body’s immune response for fighting against the tumor. Injection of vaccines results in the production of antibodies in the patient’s body and these antibodies could be effective in attacking neuroblastoma cells. Such antibodies are called anti-idiotypic antibodies.

Stage 4 or Special Neuroblastoma

Stage 4 is also called special neuroblastoma. It usually occurs in children below the age of 1 year. The neuroblastoma at this stage affects only one side of the body and may spread to lymph nodes on the same side of the body. This stage neuroblastoma may spread to liver, skin, and/or the bone marrow, however, less than 10% of marrow cells become cancerous.

Survival Rate and Life Expectancy in Stage 4 (Metastasis)

The five-year survival rate of high-risk neuroblastoma is almost 40% to 50%. For attaining a survival rate of at least 50% in high-risk neuroblastoma, there is a requirement of intensive multimodality treatment. Understanding the biology of high-risk neuroblastoma may help in identifying the factors responsible for changing the outcomes of patients, especially ultra high–risk neuroblastoma patients.

Researchers are trying to investigate ways to improve outcomes and are also trying to evaluate the role of precision medicine in this high-risk patient population.

Saima Andrabi, MS, Clinical Biochemistry
  • LinkedIn

Saima Andrabi is a clinical biochemist and is passionate about driving knowledge platforms for creating health awareness in the general public. She pursued her master’s degree in clinical biochemistry from University of Kashmir, Srinagar followed by an internship from National Institute of pathology, New Delhi. Her areas of interest include molecular biology, immunology, medical physiology and forensic medicine. Saima is very much interested in writing medical content and wants to create awareness in public through this platform. Currently, Saima Andrabi is working at Maxinov Solutions Private LTD as a research associate and is associated with DiseaseFix as a medical content writer.

Follow-Up Reads

Real Life Experiences About Coping With Cancer

April 22, 2021
Chemotherapy for Cancer

What You Should Know About Chemotherapy for Cancer

April 21, 2021
Adrenal Gland - An Amazing Organ

Adrenal Gland – An Amazing Organ

April 21, 2021

Leave A Reply Cancel Reply

Best Practices for staying Healthy: Strategies & Tactics
doctor with mask Best Practices for staying Healthy

Treatment for COPD in the Elderly Explained

By Kapil Sharma5 Mins Read

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common and debilitating condition that affects the lungs,…

Lemon Juice Glass

Top 10 Home Remedies to Pass a Kidney Stone in 24 Hours

February 20, 2023
Runny Nose

Spike in H3N2 Influenza Cases in Delhi-NCR

February 16, 2023
Newborn child

Healing From a Stillbirth or Infant Loss: A Guide for Parents

February 14, 2023
Latest Posts
Blue ceramic coffee cup

Home Detox and Cleansing Trends

June 2, 2023
person showing magnifying eyeglasses

10 Essential Medical Equipment for Every Healthcare Facility

June 1, 2023
Athlete tying shoe

Eight Powerful Ways of Improving Athletic Performance

June 1, 2023
Eco-Friendly Yoga Mats

Reasons Why Eco-Friendly Yoga Mats Are the Best Choice for Your Health and the Environment

May 30, 2023
Pollution Environment Drone Aerial View

5 Environmental Factors to Consider When Relocating

May 26, 2023
Subscribe To Our Newsletter
About Us
About Us

DiseaseFix is primarily known as an online publisher of disease-centric medical information related to human health and well-being. The information is published as disease modules accessible to users from across the world free of cost.

Email Us: contact@diseasefix.com

Our Picks
Breast Cancer

Moving Forward After Breast Cancer Surgery

December 30, 2022
Five Things Patients Experience Immediately After Breast Cancer Diagnosis

Five Things Patients Experience Immediately After Breast Cancer Diagnosis

April 23, 2021

Real Life Experiences About Coping With Cancer

April 22, 2021
Company

Disease Index

About Us

Our Team

Privacy Policy

Disclaimer

Contact Us

Write For Us

 

Facebook Twitter YouTube
© 2023 Diseasefix. All rights reserved.

Type above and press Enter to search. Press Esc to cancel.